Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is responsible for the release of energy from our food and to process folic acid. It is important for cells which are rapidly dividing such as those in bone marrow involved in making red blood cells. Deficiency of B12 can eventually lead to damage within the nervous system. The relationship between B12 and the CNS is complicated and not fully understood. So far we know that the body uses vitamin B12 to make myelin surrounding the nerve fibres which is damaged in MS; we also know that Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause symptoms similar to MS:
- Tiredness
- Lack of energy
- Feelings of light-headedness
- Heart palpitations
- Breathlessness
If you develop anaemia as a result of Vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms similar to MS become more pronounced and may present as:
- Pins and needles (paraesthesia)
- Disturbed vision
- Changes in mobility
- Irritability
- Depression
- Decline in mental judgement and abilities eg memory, understanding and interpretation
Where is Vitamin B12 found in the diet?
Vitamin B12 is found in animal products: meat, fish and dairy. For this reason vegetarians often do not consume adequate amounts of the vitamin.
Vegetarians and vegans can include fortified breakfast cereals or yeast extract (Marmite) which both contain B12. Similarly those following some of the 'special diets' promoted to 'cure' MS may find tat the lack of animal products can cause deficiency.
If you are vegetarian or vegan - it may be necessary to take a supplement under the guidance of a medical professional.
The research hasn't shown any benefit to PwMS in taking a B12 supplement if you ae not deficient.
Sources:
Department of Health (2012) Manual of Nutrition
MS Society (2014) Food and Nutrition booklet
NHS Choices website
Department of Health (2012) Manual of Nutrition
MS Society (2014) Food and Nutrition booklet
NHS Choices website
